Method for false twisting filament yarn and a false twisting nozzle consisting of several components

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to false twist nozzles by means of which one or more threads are impinged upon with an intensive twisting flow. At least one part of the conventional mechanic false twist producing devices can be replaced by optimising the air channels by means of a powerful twisting flow. A twist insertion plate is the new central element. A false twist nozzle is provided with at least one plate as the twist insertion plate having a continuous yarn channel component and a tangential channel and at least one element having an air supply device that extends in parallel in relation to the axis of the yarn channel, corresponds to the twist insertion plate and flows into the acceleration channel. The inventive solution enables a plurality of embodiments for a single thread or yarn sheet treatment. S and Z twist can be freely combined. The false twist nozzles can be used as subassemblies block by block or individually.

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The invention relates to a method for the false twisting of filament yarn, whereby the filament yarn is transported through a continuous yarn channel of a false twist nozzle that is open at the entry side and the exit side, as well as a multi-component false twist nozzle to generate a false twist textured filament yarn with a continuous yarn channel that is free on the entry side and the exit side as well as an insert with tangential compressed air entry into the yarn channel.

STATE OF THE ART

[0002] Generating a twist in the production of yarn is as old as the entire textile business. Fibers or hairs were tied into a thread and connected, for example, by twisting several threads with an appropriate twisting movement into a yarn with bare fingers, hand spindles and spinning wheels. In the modern industrial spinning process, fibers or hairs, i.e., short so-called staple product, is tied into a yarn by a genuine rotation with a high-speed rotation movement.

[0003] A completely new situation was encountered with the industrial yarn production from continuous filament yarn. In the first phase, the connection of the filaments was achieved through a false twist by means of twist givers held in position by means of magnetic forces. The web spindles were later largely replaced by the more economical friction aggregates, where the twist with respect to the yarn is also generated as a false twist through rapidly rotating plates or by crossed leather tape. With a genuine twisting movement, i.e., the appropriate twisting of fiber material, a lasting connection is generated by a lasting twist. The false twist, on the other hand, largely has the function to briefly force the filament into a strong mechanical torsion, which is thermally fixed into the structure of the filament by an immediately preceding heating- and cooling step, so that a crimping effect is created at the yarn once the twisting effect ceases, and thus a better cohesion is obtained for the filament yarn. The typical characteristic of the false twisting is the free guidance of the filament yarn into the false twist nozzle and out of the false twist nozzle.

[0004] Although it has been known for four decades from U.S. Pat. No. 3,279,164 that a thread that runs through an air twist nozzle can be subjected to a false twist, it was not possible in practice, for example, to replace the function of the friction aggregates. Air twist nozzles found use in only very specific functions. The most well known case of twist nozzles is the application of an opposite false twist on a yarn that was first false twist textured with mechanical spindles to remove a residual torsion moment in the yarn. To that effect, reference is made to the applicant's EP-PS 532 458. The pressure area for the air supply is between 0.5 and 2 bar here.

[0005] WO98/33964 shows another specific use for the simultaneous drawing texturing of partially drawn yarn and the use of a multi-component genuine false twist nozzle. The inventor had discovered that, contrary to all previous opinions by the experts, a working area or a working window can be used at a supply pressure of the compressed air of approximately 14 and 80 bar. A special nozzle concept was developed for this. Despite the relatively high pressure, said nozzle concept uses hardly more air than a nozzle of an older construction type with substantially lower pressure of the air supply because of the miniaturization of the nozzle body. One-step compressed air generators work in a pressure range of approximately up to 12bar. This means that the pressure range above 12 bar requires a multi-step compression, which limits the range of application for the twist generation according to the solution of WO98/33964 to plants with the appropriate multi-step compressed air facilities.

[0006] What is interesting is the fact that air twist nozzles, especially with closed yarn channel, are hardly ever found in practice in a mean pressure range between approximately 4 to 14 bar. An optimal generation of twist demands the highest precision air guidance for the air supply. The supplied air is blown into the yarn channel tangentially, approximately in the longitudinal center of the nozzle. In that way, a respective air twist is created in the yarn channel on both sides, i.e., in the direction of thread travel and in counter-direction of thread travel. The air flows freely into the environment at both end sides of the yarn channel and thus does not hinder the free yarn transport through the nozzle.

REPRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0007] The invention was based on the problem of developing an economically feasible false twist nozzle concept, especially with closed yarn channel, which allows usage of the specific advantages of the use of air, primarily also in place of the previously mechanically applied false twist generation on the yarn and in other applications, if applicable, for example also for the mean pressure range.

[0008] The method in accordance with the invention is characterized in that the compressed air in the false twist nozzle is first guided into the direction and/or along the yarn transport path, preferably parallel, and then tangentially into the yarn channel, so that a twist flow in the yarn channel generates the false twist on the freely passing filament yarn and the false twist effect can be fixed by a preceding thermal treatment, thus producing a crimped yarn.

[0009] The false twist nozzle in accordance with the invention is characterized in that it has at least one twist insert plate having a compressed air boring that runs in the direction of the yarn channel axis, preferably parallel, and a continuous yarn channel element, and also a tangential channel that runs from the compressed air boring into the yarn channel element, and at least one further element, which has one each respective yarn channel element that corresponds with the twist insert plate and/or a compressed air boring.

[0010] Regarding the construction of false twist nozzles, an actual prejudice, i.e., the view that the performance of the mechanical twist generator could not be achieved, prevented the practical use of false twist nozzles in the past. Compared with the previously known mechanical solutions, the new solution has enormous advantages. Because there is nearly any boundary friction, there is almost no wear-and-tear element with false twist nozzles. This results is a very gentle contact with the yarn without any disadvantageous knife effect, because there are no sharp redirection edges. An air nozzle works almost independent of temperature. The air nozzles can therefore process yarn temperatures of 100° Celsius and above without any problems.

[0011] In accordance with the new invention, the air forces alone generate a very interesting movement on the filament yarn. The twist movement can be used for various purposes, i.e., for a better bonding of the filaments of a single yarn, or for the bonding of several yarns. Laboratory tests have confirmed that the function of the previous mechanical twist generators can be achieved, thus for the first time allowing for the appropriate use in practice.

[0012] With the false twist nozzles of the state of the art, it was obvious to the request to guarantee borings of the highest precision, for the air supply and/or for the tangential channel as well as for the continuous yarn channel in the nozzle body. The new invention, on the other hand, is based on the finding that two extremely small nozzle parts largely determine the sensible zone for the optimal function. They are:

[0013] The tangential- and/or the acceleration channel, and

[0014] The yarn channel element, and its thickness, through which the tangential channel runs directly

[0015] What was decisive for the structural design of the new invention was the decoupling of the compressed air supply channels from the tangential channel and/or the acceleration channel. With false twist nozzles, the air supply and as a continuation the tangential channel, were usually designed as a staggered boring. With the decoupling of the air supply and the tangential channel, the previous requirement of a very precise air supply boring was reduced to the acceleration channel/yarn channel element zone, and said two elements can be placed as the “core” in one plate as twist insert plate. The other tests showed that the yarn channel is relatively insensitive with respect to the pressure points of the twist insert plate and the adjacent elements because as viewed from the interior of the yarn channel, they result in an annular form. The twist flow is a dominant annular flow and is therefore not affected by the annular transitions. The core piece, i.e., the tangential- and the acceleration channel and the associated yarn channel element, can now be developed more liberally and with substantial better quality and greater precision than was the case previously. The shaping on an open plate can be performed with various manufacturing techniques such as erosion- or laser technique. Preferably, the false twist as well as the immediately upstream thermal fixing are performed between two delivery devices LW1 and LW2. The new invention allows for a number of possible embodiments, which can be realized especially effortlessly with the erosion technique. This relates primarily also to detail forms, which could not even be produced until now. Reference to that effect is made in claims 2 to 9 as well as 8 to 25.

[0016] The new solution is not limited with respect to yarn titer, although currently the widest area of application is assumed to be in the mean titer range. The rule of thumb is: fine titers and fine borings, approximate titers and approximate borings. In practice, however, there is no definable line between the two areas. This is where the option of dividing the twist insert plate into a dual plate enables the production of completely new channel forms that can be optimized for the respective particular use, which had not been possible to date.

[0017] WO98/33964, one of the applicant's protective rights, shows in the FIGS. 6a to 6 d a first approach in the direction of the new solution. The central idea in the older application, however, was the miniaturization of the entire air treatment nozzle and thus all air channels, to keep the use of air low at the extraordinarily high pressure of more than 14 bar that is common in the textile business. The solution was found in the use of a number of very thin disks. Compared to the new invention, the channel design had still proceeded from the traditional concept of “air supply boring” i.e., a completely radial air supply on the level of the tangential- or cross channel. Although test trials were very positive, the production of the prototype, and especially the mounting of the disks, required an enormous effort. Appropriate disks with a diameter of only a few millimeters and a thickness of 0.2 millimeters, for example, are found more in the watch making business, with piece numbers in the millions and the appropriate robotic aids. The much lower piece numbers in the production of air nozzles for a correspondingly small market segment in the textile area would, in any case, definitely make an economic production questionable in the introductory phase. It is known, though, that the introductory phase is when the success or failure of a new product is decided. Thus, the new invention opens up completely new options, as will be explained in the following by means of a few very advantageous embodiments.

[0018] It is especially preferred if the twist insert plate has at least two channel openings, for the air supply channel on the one hand, and the yarn channel on the other hand, which are connected to the tangential channel, which is developed as a short air acceleration channel in the type of a function pattern to generate the twist flow. The two borings as well as the relatively narrow connection through the air acceleration channel provide the twist insert plate with a special, eyeglass-type character, which as a whole is called the function pattern. With two, but especially with a multiple of parallel arranged comparable patterns, the term function pattern assumes a visual pattern in the sense of a print pattern on textiles.

[0019] Likewise, the new solution results in several levels for the concrete implementation into practice. A first level relates to the tangential channel. The tangential channel is principally designed as short as possible, but primarily according to the requirements of an optimum use of the airflow rules. Accordingly, the two channel openings are also moved as close together as possible. Preferably, the tangential channel has the same length in the area of the diameter of the two borings for the yarn channel element as well as the compressed air boring. The tangential channel is preferably designed like a laval nozzle for a sonic flow or for a supersonic flow with the typical enlargement in the outflow area of the acceleration channel into the yarn channel. Under the aspect of the supersonic nozzle, the term tangential channel becomes, purely structurally speaking, somewhat relative. According to the new solution, tangential refers to the effect, i.e., generating an optimum or maximum twist flow. There are many variation possibilities for the mouth area of the laval form, as will be shown in the examples. The air acceleration channel for the air supply from the compressed air boring into the direction of the yarn channel is preferably narrowed.

[0020] As a second design level in the sense of a stamped form, the channel openings have, across the entire thickness of the plate, a preferably uniform form with highest surface quality. As another advantageous embodiment, the appropriate channel openings in the twist insert plate are developed as cylinders, whereby the air acceleration channel connects the two channel openings across the entire thickness of the plate. Although the rectangular shape of the cross-section of the tangential channel results in a deterioration of the flow form compared to the normally annular boring, it is possible to improve the effect of the twist flow significantly by slightly increasing the air pressure of the air supply.

[0021] A third level relates to the division of the twist insert plate. The division into two or more pieces opens new degrees of freedom for the various areas of application, so to speak. At least theoretically, the divided twist insert plate creates the condition for the opening of the entire yarn channel for the threading, but first and foremost for the production of random, even complex, and primarily also miniaturized forms. The division can be designed such that the function pattern is not formed until two or more parts of the twist insert plate are assembled. The section for the division, for example, can be placed through the two channel openings for the yarn channel and primarily also through the air acceleration channel as well as the air supply. It is very interesting to divide the twist insert plate in such a way as to create reciprocal anchoring places so that the precision of the flow-effective elements is necessarily guaranteed in assembled condition by the anchoring places.

[0022] As a further level, there are unexpected possible embodiments with a twist insert plate that has two or more yarn channels with respective individual air supplies or several function patterns, etc. in parallel arrangement. With the exception of the engineering limitations, there are hardly any limits for the various inserts. A random number of yarn channels can be arranged on a twist insert plate with the smallest possible division, for example on a common centerline. Appropriately, a twist insert plate with a plurality of yarn channels in the area of the channel openings is provided as a separating place for two or more parts.

[0023] The described embodiments allow the development of false twist nozzles as kits. A kit of this type is comprised of at least one twist insert plate and at least one other element that is designed as a support block and has the air supply as well as a connection for a compressed air connection. Preferably, the kit will have additional elements developed as insert plates without air acceleration channel, but having at least two channel openings for the air supply and the yarn channel, whereby the appropriate channel openings form a uniform flow channel in assembled condition. A particularly interesting application possibility is created in that it allows all variation options for S- and Z-twist. For example, it is possible to combine at least one twist insert plate for S-twist and at least one twist insert plate for Z-twist with respective separate air supplies, or one single twist insert plate with the two diametrically opposed function patterns for a parallel guidance of two threads. A kit can furthermore can have insert distance plates to select the distance, at least between two twist impact places. Furthermore, it is also possible to produce the twist insert plates, with respect to the additional elements, from a material with increased wear-and-tear resistance, such as ceramics. The possibility of a free choice with respect to the division is very advantageous here as well.

[0024] In addition to the known areas of application, the many possible different embodiments also open completely new areas of application. This relates to the treatment of individual threads as well as the processing of warps. Either one individual thread or a plurality of threads or an entire reed of parallel running threads can be treated simultaneously.

[0025] It has been shown that the new solution in the application area of WO98/33964 currently allows for the best concrete embodiment of the false twist nozzle range, i.e., also for the currently still unusually high pressure range of the compressed air supply of more than 14 bar up to 40 bar and higher. The technical content of WO98/33964 is thus declared to be an integral component of the present application. When processing a warp, there is the possibility to select parameters from the monitoring of the threads, for example the tension, or a quality parameter, as the standard, and in addition, to select the pressure of the air supply as a correcting variable. For this purpose, it is possible to select only a few threads from the warp for the monitoring and make appropriate corrective interventions as needed. Single threads can be treated analogously.

[0026] Thus, the process of false twist generation as such, which in practice was reserved solely for mechanical means such as spindles, bands, etc., was for the first time successfully realized with the use of false twist nozzles. False twist nozzles have the enormous advantage that in the case of parallel guidance of threads, the division and thus the required space is only millimeters or centimeters rather than decimeters. This allows the realization of significantly more compact parallel runs, a shortening of the processing zone in the area of the previous spindles, and the huge advantage of the corresponding construction of more compact machines.

[0027] Another method aspect is the previous area of application of the multi-spindle processes, where compressed air, for example 2 to 14 bar, can be used. This furthermore opens up completely new possibilities, such as for S-Z-twist variations, in view of time as well as in parallel guidance, with constant or alternating air supply. In the case of an alternating air supply, a control the of the supplied air is suggested, where the use of air and the conversion of the compressed air supply can be controlled within milliseconds range, so to speak, with a quick-action valve. In this respect, there are again multiple possibilities for variation of the use of twist with parallel-running threads or in the timely change, correspondingly on one or every thread.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0028] In the following, the new invention is explained in greater detail by means of some examples of embodiments. Shown are:

[0029]FIG. 1a a simplified scheme for two parallel running filament yarns for the appropriate S- and Z-twist generation;

[0030]FIGS. 1b and 1 c simplified control schemes for the compressed air in the treatment of single threads or a warp, with the possibility of controlling/regulating the air pressure.

[0031]FIG. 2a the classic state of the art with the use of friction aggregates for generating a false twist;

[0032]FIGS. 2b to 2 d the use according to FIG. 2a, but with the new solution;

[0033]FIG. 2e the physical principles for generating a crimped yarn by means of false twist as well as thermal fixing;

[0034]FIGS. 3a and 3 b the basic concept of the new solution with the generation of a S- or Z-twist on the same thread or, depending on air supply, the random production of a S- or Z-twist in the same nozzle or in the same nozzle block;

[0035]FIGS. 4a to 4 f various embodiments of the acceleration channel, each of which represent a functional pattern;

[0036]FIGS. 5a to 5 e some examples of various combinations of function patterns in one twist insert plate:

[0037]FIGS. 6a to 6 c some examples of the twist insert plate and other elements for a kit;

[0038]FIG. 6d a false twist nozzle as kit, shown schematically and in section;

[0039]FIGS. 7a and 7 b an especially advantageous embodiment of a divided twist insert plate for a multiple of parallel yarn channels with narrowest separation for one crimp;

[0040]FIG. 7c a complete nozzle block with a twist insert plate for the treatment of a crimp;

[0041]FIGS. 8a and 8 b a support block in section and as 3-D representation;

[0042]FIG. 8c a clamping block;

[0043]FIG. 9 a divided twist insert plate for a yarn run;

[0044]FIGS. 10a and 10 b a nozzle block for two parallel yarn runs in view and in section X-X;

[0045]FIG. 10c a nozzle block for the single thread treatment in perspective view;

[0046]FIG. 10d two twist insert plates for the FIGS. 10a, 10 b and 10 c with S-twist and Z-twist;

[0047]FIG. 11 a manifold with several twist nozzle blocks with a compressed air supply that can be turned on and off;

[0048]FIG. 12a the FIG. 11 in a view of the nozzle block with two each dual nozzles;

[0049]FIGS. 12b and 12 c the turn-on and turn-off of the false twist nozzle with respect to the compressed air supply.

WAYS AND PERFORMANCE OF THE INVENTION

[0050]FIG. 1a shows the controlled, alternating control of the air supply for two successively switched twist insert plates for S- or Z-twist. FIG. 1b is a simplified standard scheme for the treatment of single threads. With a warp according to FIG. 1c, it is interesting, as with single threads, to cover other parameters with the standard, such as the air pressure and the tensile stress in the yarn, etc. FIG. 1a should be seen more schematically. It shows an example of an alternating control or for the alternating false twisting, either for an S-twist or a Z-twist. The air twist nozzle 6 has two compressed air connections 9 and 13 and two corresponding air supplies 11 and 12. Compressed air can be alternately supplied through said air supplies 11 and 12. An on-off valve 15 is switched by a control ST in the preset or pre-selected rhythm, in seconds or milliseconds time, and provides the one or other side with compressed air so that a S- or a Z-twist can be generated momentarily on the yarn. As shown earlier, however, many other variations can be obtained with the same basic concept. FIG. 1b shows an application with single threads, such as for the disposition in accordance with FIGS. 2b, 2 c, 2 d. In the treatment of possibly hundreds of parallel threads, it may be sufficient to select only a few representative threads and monitor them through sensors and appropriate controls. The sensor can record the tensile stress or any other qualitative parameter, such as the twist effect, for example.

[0051] Another enormous advantage of the new solutions is that because of optimal guidance, the outgoing air of the twist nozzles can be used to support the cooling arrangement, which is arranged in front of the twist nozzles. It is known that the expansion of compressed air lowers the air temperature, which creates a large potential for heat take-up. In extreme cases, the previous relatively long cooling zone can be replaced by means of the outgoing air guidance, and the hot yarn from the heater can be cooled with the outgoing air.

[0052]FIG. 2a is an example of the state of the art with four thread runs as well as the corresponding number of mechanical spindles 50, which generate the respective desired S- or Z-twist. The length of the process zones is characteristically VMD, which is required by the mechanical twist generators 50 or their structural dimensions. The first heater has a standard division T1. The mechanical twist generators require a larger division T2. The huge advantage of the new solution is that no staggering of the twist aggregates is required in the direction of yarn travel, while a shortening of the processing zone is nevertheless possible.

[0053] As is shown by FIGS. 2b, 2 c and 2 d, the described dimensions shrink to a minimum when the new solution is employed. The processing zone VLD with air twist nozzles requires only a fraction of the dimensions in both directions.

[0054] In FIG. 2e, the two basic process steps are emphasized in the left half of the illustration. One is the generating of torsion (Tors.) as well as the thermal fixing. Smooth yarn Gglatt is delivered to the process by a delivery device (LW 1) and pulled off after the delivery device LW2 as a yarn Gkräus with crimping quality. The twist giver is a mechanical twist giver, such as a friction spindle or an air twist nozzle. The thermal fixing (therm. Fix.) is essentially comprised of a heater (H) and a cooler (K). The twist giver is effective through the entire stage of the thermal fixing. The effect is symbolized as a twisted yarn and shown as Gtors.falsch. However, because it is a false twist, the twist is canceled out after the twist giver. The change of molecule orientation generated by the treatment is shown on the right side of FIG. 2d; on the one hand as an outer geometrical configuration of the yard thread and on the other hand as an inner orientation of the molecule. Reference is made to the publication Chemical Fibres International, 46/1996, Dr. Demir, pages 361 to 363. The result of the known false twist texturing is a crimped yarn (Gkräus) due to an appropriate lasting inner change of structure.

[0055]FIGS. 3a and 3 b show the core component of a false twist nozzle according to the new solution. FIGS. 3a and 3 b have a preferably continuous operation, i.e., the compressed air supply is never turned off during operation. The structure can be designed according to FIG. 10c, for example. A possible practical use is the doubling, such as according to FIG. 10c. The air pressure can be 14 to 40 bar. The core piece of the false twist nozzle is a twist insert plate 1 with the characteristic dimensions of length L, height H and thickness D.

[0056] According to the current status of development, the height is approximately between 0.5 cm and 2 cm, the length is 2 to 10 cm and up to a random length for a multiple of parallel yarn runs. The thickness of the plates can be between 0.5 millimeters and 1 centimeter, preferably approximately between 1 mm and 5 mm. The preferred dimensions result in a typical plate character. In the center of the twist insert plate 1 a function pattern 2 is comprised of a yarn channel piece 3′, an air supply 4 as well as an acceleration channel 5. The entire air twist nozzle 6 is illustrated in the way of an explosive representation, with the individual components shown separately. Left of the twist insert plate 1 is another element 7 with an air supply boring 8, which corresponds on the one hand with the air supply 4 of the twist insert plate 1 and on the other hand with a compressed air connection 9, through which the compressed air is supplied by a compressed air ductwork-system (arrow 11, not shown). A thread or yarn 10 runs straight through the yarn channel element 3′ and the yarn channel 3 of the element 7, as well as through the yarn channel 3 of an end plate 14. Not shown are the connection means for the three components, element 7, twist insert plate 1 as well as end plate 14 (shown in dashed lines). The connection can be established through screws, clamps, etc. and must withstand the pressure forces and guarantee the air-tightness. FIG. 3b is designed accordingly, with the exception of the direction of the twist. Depending on the direction of the yarn through-flow direction, the FIG. 3a results in an S-twist and FIG. 3b results in a Z-twist, or vice versa in opposite direction of yarn travel. For a precise timely control of the twist flow, the FIG. 3b as a different compressed air connection 13, which is indicated with arrow 12. Accordingly, the air supply boring 8′ connects the air supply 4′. The airflow and/or the tangential air entry into the yarn channel element 3′ results in an opposite sense of rotation to the variant according to FIG. 3a.

[0057]FIG. 3c represents a possible combination of the FIGS. 3a and 3 b. FIG. 3c corresponds to the solution according to FIG. 1a and is designed for an alternating operation. Again, only either an S-twist or a Z-twist is generated. The compressed air can be 2to 25 bar. Tests with 14 to 22 bar consistently yielded very good results. When very short transit times are required, such as in the millisecond range, a higher pressure of 30 to 40 bar can be disadvantageous depending on the construction type of the valve due to the sluggishness of the system. In FIG. 3c, the two function patterns are aligned on the same yarn channel 3, but are switched in succession. A reversing valve 15, which supplies time-controlled compressed air in succession to the one or the other side, is indicated so that each twist insert plate 1, 1′ or 1 ^(x) can equally fulfill its function optimally. To supply the twist insert plate 1 with an equivalent compressed air supply, the twist insert plate 1 ^(x) also has an air supply boring 4 ^(x), which supplies the compressed air from the compressed air connection 9 of the air supply 4. The change of the twist flow from S-twist to Z-twist and vice versa can be controlled in any random clock cycle and the time of the individual twist-type can be controlled as long as required by the specific application. With the miniaturized membrane valves, the reversal can be accomplished even in the millisecond range. FIG. 3c indicated two additional insert distance plates 17 and 18, which can be used independently to vary the thickness D of the twist insert plates locally [across] the entire yarn channel lengths and randomly across the entire air twist nozzle.

[0058]FIGS. 4a to 4 f show a number of various function patters for twist insert plates. LD refers to the diameter of the air supply 4 and Gd refers to the diameter of the yarn channel 3 in the area of the yarn channel elements 3′. When viewed in cross-section, the yarn channel 3 advantageously has an annular form, or at least an approximate annular form. The cross-section form of the air supply 4, however, can be chosen randomly and can even be rectangular. A refers to the entry zone into the acceleration channel 5 and C refers to the exit zone from the acceleration channel 3 or the entry into the yarn channel element 3′. BL is the length of the acceleration channel and B is the channel width viewed in the illustration level. In a preferred form, the acceleration channel 5 has a decreasing and/or increasing, continuous rectangular cross-section surface, which is the product of the thickness D times the width B. Depending on the fabrication means that are used, such as laser or electrical erosion, it is also possible to deviate from the pure rectangular form. An important new aspect is the issue of sonic- or supersonic flow. It is known that said sonic or supersonic flow is not only a function of the pressure of the supplied air, but especially of the shaping on the side of the exit zone as well. The FIGS. 4c, 4 d, 4 e and 4 f show solutions with an enlarged exit zone for a supersonic flow. In view of an optimization of the flow, there is also the possibility to select a slight deviation from the tangent line, which is indicated with X⁺ and X⁻ (FIGS. 4c/4 d) instead of a purely tangential air supply into the yarn channel element 3′. The foremost goal is the twist work on the yarn and/or an appropriate optimization of the twist flow. In FIG. 4c, a section III-III is drawn directly above it. This is supposed to express that, depending on the selected optimization, it is also possible to use only a part of the cross-section of the twist insert plate or the plate thickness D for the development of the acceleration channel.

[0059]FIG. 5a shows schematically the generation of an S- or Z-twist on the same yarn through the corresponding control of the supply of compressed air. In the FIGS. 5b and 5 c, the two twist directions are shown on one each twist insert plate, and in FIG. 5e with two parallel running threads 10. FIG. 5d shows the random multiplication of the function pattern for a corresponding number of parallel running threads. The twist direction shown in FIG. 5a is always the same. However, this can be changed randomly as well, if necessary.

[0060] Some embodiments of the plates and/or elements are shown in 6 a to 6 c. FIG. 6a shows a simple example of an insert distance plate 20. FIG. 6c shows an example of two twist insert plates with the thickness D as well as an intermediate insert distance plate with the length EDis. With the appropriate construction of intermediate plates and possible free flow-off locations LA, it is possible to generate an S-twist and a Z-twist. FIG. 6b shows a possibility of the division of a plate with two dovetail connections 21, with the assembled condition on top and the conditions prior to assembly on the bottom. The dovetail connection 21 guarantees the accurate assembly of two or more components. This guarantees the accuracy of the shape, especially of the function pattern of the twist insert plate. 22 indicates a boring for a clamping screw connection to hold the entire subassembly rigidly and airtight together. With extremely narrow acceleration channels, eroding has proven to be very advantageous if the twist insert plate is developed as a divided twist insert plate. This applies in particular for hard metal, and also for ceramic, if applicable. Ceramic is advantageously polished. FIG. 6d shows a nozzle block in section through the yarn channel. There is a twist insert plate 1 in the center. On both sides, there is one each insert distance plate 20 as well as an element 7, 7′ as end blocks for the mechanical support and the air supply. The yarn channel 3 is continuous and has one each conical inlet on the two end sides.

[0061]FIGS. 7a and 7 b show an especially advantageous embodiment of a twist insert plate for a warp. The twist insert plate is divided in a special way and has foot-like anchors. The upper plate part 30 has a foot 32 as positive form, and the lower plate part 31 has a foot 33 as negative form. Both feet 32, 33 not only fit exactly into one another (FIG. 7b), but they also guarantee the corresponding function pattern. The three flow shapes are created only after the assembly: the yarn channel element 3′, the acceleration channel 5 as well as the air supply 4. The special advantage of the solution with a division through the center of the function pattern, first and foremost through the acceleration channel, is primarily on the side of production and finishing, if applicable, for example in fine polishing, which can be a deciding factor when ceramic is used for the material.

[0062]FIG. 7b shows a twist insert plate with an upper plate part 30 as well as a lower plate part 31 in assembled condition. Because the twist insert plate has to be produced from special wear-and-tear resistant material, an entire housing shape is created from steel and a plurality of twist insert plates T1, T2, etc. are inserted, if applicable. An assembled nozzle beam 34 has, according to FIG. 7x, a base plate 35, a back support plate 36 and a front support plate 37, which is the support for one each back end plate 38 as well as a front end plate 38′, through which the compressed air is supplied. Between the two end plates 38 and 38′ is a form plate 39 into which the twist insert plate 30, 31 can be inserted. Because the shown example is subject to very high pressures, the entire kit is connected with the required number of screws 40.

[0063]FIGS. 8a, 8 b and 8 c show the main elements of a subassembly 45 for a multi-component false twist nozzle. The main elements here are a support block 40, a clamping plate 41, a twist insert plate 1 as well as two insert distance plates 20. Three alignment pins 42, 43 and 44 are firmly anchored in the clamping plate, although only two alignment pins are visible in FIG. 8c because the lower alignment pins are outside of the illustration level. All three alignment pins are visible in the FIGS. 9 and 10a. The alignment pins 42, 43 and 44 are for the accurate positioning of the twist insert plates 1 as well as the insert distance plates 20 so that at least with respect to the yarn channel, all components of the subassembly 45 fit accurately after assembly so that the cylindrical wall surface of the entire yarn channel has no transitions and no projecting joints. As indicated by arrow 46′, a first insert distance plate 20, a twist insert plate 1 as well as a second insert distance plate 20 are inserted successively in the space between the alignment pins 42, 43, 44. Then the claming plate 41 with the other plates is slid towards the support block 40 according to arrow 46. For each of the alignment pins 42, 43 and 44, an alignment hole 47 is provided in the support block 40 so that following the screwing of the support block 40 and the clamping plate 41 with a screw 48, all mentioned components of the subassembly have been mounted accurately (FIG. 10b). If all components were produced with sufficient precision, the quality of the new multi-component false twist nozzle is at least as good as that of an appropriate false twist nozzle produced from a full nozzle body. The screw 48 engages in a threaded blind hole in the clamping plate. The yarn channel 3 runs through all components of the multi-component false twist nozzle, in the sense of one single boring with a centerline 50. To ease the introduction of the yarn, the yarn channel 3 has an entry cone 51 on the entry side and analogously in the clamping plate, i.e. the yarn exit side, an exit cone 52. In the FIGS. 8a and 8 c, a step boring 59 is indicated in dash-dot lines instead of an entry cone 51 and an exit cone 52. Although any industrial compressed air ductwork system has a good filtering installation, each subassembly also has an additional air filter 53, which is comprised of porous insert filter disks, for example. The subassembly itself is clamped together without play.

[0064] As is explained in the following figures, the entire subassembly can be developed displaceably with respect to the plane Z-Z, as is indicated by an arrow. In that way, the compressed air supply of boring 11/12 can either be brought into accordance with the through-boring 55 of an intermediate plate 56, or it can be staggered with respect to the same. The supply for the compressed air is released or closed accordingly. The support block 40 is firmly connected to the intermediate plate 56 with two strong screws 57 (FIG. 10c), whereby a washer 58 seals the two elements from one another. A single twist insert plate 1 is shown again in FIG. 9 on a larger scale. It is a divided plate, which is assembled into one plate with highest precision through three dovetail connections 21. The majority of the joint 60 between the upper half of the plate 61 and the lower half of the plate 62 is formed by the three dovetail connections 21, with the exception of the area of the yarn channel element 3, the tangential channel 5 as well as the compressed air boring 4. The twist insert plate 1 is made only for one single yarn run.

[0065] The FIG. 10b is a section of FIG. 10a through a subassembly with two false twist nozzles on the level of the compressed air supply. Accordingly, the through-boring 55 as well as a compressed air supply channel 70 can be seen. FIG. 10b is a section Xb-Xb of FIG. 10a. FIG. 10a shows on the left a section Xa-Xa of FIG. 10b. The three alignment pins 42, 43 and 44 are clearly visible. The right subassembly is a view according to arrow 71.

[0066]FIG. 10c shows a very advantageous use of two subassemblies. Two subassemblies and/or false twist nozzles 100 are mounted on an intermediate plate 56. In that way, one is rotated by 180° relative to the other and screwed onto the intermediate plate. As a result, an S-twist is and a Z-twist and generated with one and the same subassembly and/or false twist nozzle 100, depending on the assembly.

[0067]FIG. 11 shows another very interesting example of the use of the new solution according to FIGS. 2b and 2 c in the sense of an entire battery. On one pressure distributor 80 are two false twist nozzle blocks 81, 82 and, only indicated by the connections, a third block 83. The compressed air distributor 80 has across the entire length a compressed air supply channel (not shown) with compressed air supply channels 11/12, which depending on the position of a switch lever 84, 84′, open or close the air supply. “On” means that compressed air is being supplied and “Off” means that the air supply is blocked off. The measure VWmax represents the maximum displacement path and VWo between the open position and the closed position of the air supply.

[0068]FIG. 12a is a view of an entire battery of multi-component false twist nozzles with several subassemblies 45 in block arrangement. Two each false twist nozzles are duals with one switch lever 84 to turn the air off and on.

[0069] The FIGS. 12b and 12 c again show, on a larger scale, the two possible positions for the compressed air supply “On” and “Off”. The compressed air distributor is developed as a massive pipe with a compressed air distribution channel 90 (Dr. Luft). 

1. Method for false twisting of filament yarn, where the filament yarn is transported through the continuous yarn channel of a false twist nozzle that is free on the entry side and the exit side, characterized in that the compressed air is guided in the false twist nozzle in the direction and/or along the yarn transport path and then tangentially into the yarn channel so that a twist flow in the yarn channel generates the false twist on the freely passing-through filament yarn and that the false twist effect can be fixed by to a preceding heat treatment, and a crimp quality of the yarn can be pulled off.
 2. Method in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that compressed air with a mean pressure range of preferably 2 to 14 bar is used.
 3. Method in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that compressed air with 2 to 22 bar is used.
 4. Method in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that compressed air with 14 to 40 bar is used.
 5. Method in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the false twist as well as the immediate upstream thermal fixing takes place between two delivery devices LW1 and LW2.
 6. Method in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the false twist nozzle can be displaced parallel to the direction of yarn transport and/or relative to its fastening location, whereby the displacement compulsorily turns the compressed air supply on or off.
 7. Method in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that two or more false twist nozzles or twist insert plates are switched parallel for a corresponding number of yarn runs and a S-twist or Z-twist is generated at the individual yarn runs by a continuous air supply.
 8. Method in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that two or three false twist nozzles are switched successively for a yarn run to generate a Z-twist or a S-twist on the same filament yarn.
 9. Method in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one each S- and one Z-false twist nozzle are switched successively for a yarn run with alternating compressed air supply to generate in timely succession either a Z- or an S-twist on the same yarn.
 10. Method in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that two or three false twist nozzles or twist insert plates for a yarn run are switched successively and a controlled S- and/or Z-twist is generated in the second- or millisecond range by alternating the air supply.
 11. Multi-component false twist nozzle to generate a false twist textured filament yarn (10) having a continuous yarn channel (3) that is free on the entry side and on the exit side as well as an insert with tangential compressed air entry into the yarn channel (3), characterized in that it has at least one twist insert plate (1, 1′, 1 ^(x)) with a compressed air boring that runs in the direction of the yarn channel axis and a continuous yarn channel element (3′), as well as a tangential channel that runs from the compressed air boring into the yarn channel element, and at least one more element (7) having at least one each yarn channel element and/or a compressed air boring that corresponds with the twist insert plate (1, 1′, l^(x)).
 12. Multi-component false twist nozzle in accordance with claim 11, characterized in that the twist insert plate (1, 1′, 1 ^(x)) has two or more channel break-throughs for the tangential channel on the one hand as well as for the yarn channel (3) on the other hand, which are connected to the tangential channel to generate the twist flow, with said tangential channel being developed as a short air acceleration channel (5) for the case of two or a plurality of parallel yarn channels (3) in the type of a repeatedly used function pattern.
 13. Multi-component false twist nozzle in accordance with one of the claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the tangential channel (5) is developed to narrow from the compressed air boring in the direction of the yarn channel (3) and/or widens at the exit end (C) in the entry area (A) into the yarn channel (3), whereby the acceleration channel (5) continuously has an approximately rectangular cross-section.
 14. Multi-component false twist nozzle in accordance with one of the claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the yarn channel as well as the compressed air boring are developed as a cylinder and the tangential channel (5) connects the two across the entire plate thickness and they preferably have, in the sense of a stamped form, a uniform form across the entire plate thickness.
 15. Multi-component false twist nozzle in accordance with one of the claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the twist insert plates (1, 1′, l^(x)) with respect to additional insert plates (14) are produced of material with increased wear-and-tear resistance, especially ceramic material.
 16. Multi-component false twist nozzle in accordance with one of the claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the twist insert plates (1, 1′, 1 ^(x)) are developed divided and preferably have mutual anchoring locations (21), such that the precision of the flow-effective parts is compulsorily guaranteed in assembled condition.
 17. Multi-component false twist nozzle in accordance with one of the claims 11 to 16, characterized in that it is developed as a kit with at least one element as support block (7, 7′) with the air supply (4, 4′) as well as a connection for a compressed air connection (9).
 18. Multi-component false twist nozzle in accordance with one of the claims 11 to 17, characterized in that it has additional elements (20) that are developed as insert plates without air acceleration channel, but have at least two channel break-throughs (3, 4) for the air supply (4) and the yarn channel (3), whereby the corresponding channel breakthroughs (3, 4) form a uniform flow channel in assembled condition.
 19. Multi-component false twist nozzle in accordance with one of the claims 11 to 18, characterized in that a twist insert plate (1, 1′, 1 ^(x)) has two or more yarn channels, each with its own air supply, in parallel arrangement.
 20. Multi-component false twist nozzle in accordance with claim 19, characterized in that a multiple of yarn channels (3) is arranged on a twist insert plate (30, 31) with the smallest possible division, preferably on a common center line (FIGS. 7 to 9).
 21. Multi-component false twist nozzle in accordance with claim 19 or 20, characterized in that a twist insert plate (30, 31) has a separation location for two or more parts for a multiple of yarn channels in the area of the channel breakthroughs (FIG. 5b).
 22. Multi-component false twist nozzle in accordance with one of the claims 11 to 21, characterized in that it has at least one twist insert plate (1, 1 ^(x)) for S-twist and at least one twist insert plate (1′, 1 ^(x)) for Z-twist, each with its own air supply, preferably with switchable air supply (FIG. 2).
 23. Multi-component false twist nozzle in accordance with one of the claims 11 to 22, characterized in that it has insert distance plates (EDis) to select the distance, at least between two twist impact spots (D) (FIG. 5c).
 24. Multi-component false twist nozzle in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 23, characterized in that one or a plurality of air twist nozzles are arranged displaceably relative to a compressed air distributor in such a way, that the compressed air supply can be turned on or off by the displacement.
 25. Multi-component false twist nozzle in accordance with claim 24, characterized in that the air twist nozzles are displaceably arranged in blocks on one pressure distributor.
 26. Multi-component false twist nozzle in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 25, characterized in that an air filter is arranged between the compressed air distributor and/or the compressed air supply and the air twist nozzles. 